Long-term behavioral effects observed in mice chronically exposed to static ultra-high magnetic fields
Ivan Tkáč, Michael A. Benneyworth, Tessa Nichols-Meade, Elizabeth L. Steuer, Sarah N. Larson, Gregory J. Metzger, Kâmil Uğurbil
Abstract
Purpose
The primary goal of this study was to investigate whether chronic exposures to ultra-high B0 fields can induce long-term cognitive, behavioral, or biological changes in C57BL/6 mice.
Methods
C57BL/6 mice were chronically exposed to 10.5-T or 16.4-T magnetic fields (3-h exposures, two exposure sessions per week, 4 or 8 weeks of exposure). In vivo single-voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to investigate possible neurochemical changes in the hippocampus. In addition, a battery of behavioral tests, including the Morris water-maze, balance-beam, rotarod, and fear-conditioning tests, were used to examine long-term changes induced by B0 exposures.
Results
Hippocampal neurochemical profile, cognitive, and basic motor functions were not impaired by chronic magnetic field exposures. However, the balance-beam–walking test and the Morris water-maze testing revealed B0-induced changes in motor coordination and balance. The tight-circling locomotor behavior during Morris water-maze tests was found as the most sensitive factor indexing B0-induced changes. Long-term behavioral changes were observed days or even weeks subsequent to the last B0 exposure at 16.4 T but not at 10.5 T. Fast motion of mice in and out of the 16.4-T magnet was not sufficient to induce such changes.
Conclusion
Observed results suggest that the chronic exposure to a magnetic field as high as 16.4 T may result in long-term impairment of the vestibular system in mice. Although observation of mice may not directly translate to humans, nevertheless, they indicate that studies focused on human safety at very high magnetic fields are necessary.