NeuroMix—A single-scan brain exam
Tim Sprenger, Annika Kits, Ola Norbeck, Adam van Niekerk, Johan Berglund, Henric Rydén, Enrico Avventi, Stefan Skare
Abstract
Purpose
Implement a fast, motion-robust pulse sequence that acquires T1-weighted, T2-weighted, T2*-weighted, T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and DWI data in one run with only one prescription and one prescan.
Methods
A software framework was developed that configures and runs several sequences in one main sequence. Based on that framework, the NeuroMix sequence was implemented, containing motion robust single-shot sequences using EPI and fast spin echo (FSE) readouts (without EPI distortions). Optional multi-shot sequences that provide better contrast, higher resolution, or isotropic resolution could also be run within the NeuroMix sequence. An optimized acquisition order was implemented that minimizes times where no data is acquired.
Results
NeuroMix is customizable and takes between 1:20 and 4 min for a full brain scan. A comparison with the predecessor EPIMix revealed significant improvements for T2-weighted and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, while taking only 8 s longer for a similar configuration. The optional contrasts were less motion robust but offered a significant increase in quality, detail, and contrast. Initial clinical scans on 1 pediatric and 1 adult patient showed encouraging image quality.
Conclusion
The single-shot FSE readouts for T2-weighted and T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and the optional multishot FSE and 3D-EPI contrasts significantly increased diagnostic value compared with EPIMix, allowing NeuroMix to be considered as a standalone brain MRI application.